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The Penn State research team used advanced super‑resolution microscopy, a type of imaging technique that can peer into cells at the nanoscale — about 10,000 times smaller than the thickness of a human hair — to study neurons grown in petri dishes in the lab. Credit: Jaydyn Isiminger / Penn State. Creative Commons

Skeleton ‘gatekeeper’ lining brain cells could guard against Alzheimer’s

Brain cells are constantly swallowing material from the fluid that surrounds them — signaling molecules, nutrients, even pieces of their own surfaces — in a process known as endocytosis that is essential for learning, memory and basic neural upkeep. New research by Penn State scientists has revealed this vital process may be governed by a previously unknown molecular gatekeeper: a lattice‑like structure just beneath the surface of neurons called the membrane‑associated periodic skeleton.

A triptych of microscope images that shows the binding of a host defense peptide, named MAD1-RI, to the membrane of tuberculosis pathogens, leading to destruction of the bacterial cell wall and death. Credit: Scott Medina / Penn State. Creative Commons

Flipping and reversing mini-proteins could improve disease treatment

For the microbe that gives rise to tuberculosis, a team of researchers from Penn State and The University of Minnesota Medical School found that a potential solution may be chemically changing the structure of a naturally occurring peptide — a building block of proteins — to make it a more stable and effective antimicrobial agent, while reducing potential toxicity to human cells.

Foods rich in whole grains and fiber — like whole-grain bread, fruits and vegetables — can support digestive and liver health, according to Vishal Singh, associate professor of nutritional sciences. His most recent study in mice found that high-fat diets could be particularly harmful. Credit: Aaron Wagner / Penn State. Creative Commons

Too many saturated fats may be more harmful than too many refined carbohydrates

In recent years, many media reports and social media influencers have emphasized the dangers of eating too many carbohydrates. Though a carbohydrate-heavy diet can be harmful, consuming too many fats may cause more health problems, according to a study in mice led by researchers in the Penn State Department of Nutritional Sciences.

The researchers seek to identify specific groups of microorganisms in the soil such as bacteria and fungi that are associated with greater mortality of weed seeds like these. Credit: Katie Pevarnik/Penn State. All Rights Reserved.

Helping soil microbes kill weed seeds to aid organic farmers

To better equip organic farmers to control weeds, a team of Penn State agricultural scientists received a four-year, $935,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to study how promoting soil microbes to infect and kill weed seeds might reduce problematic weed species.